Infrastructure

1,356mean 12.3

Mining and quarrying covers the extraction of solid minerals and materials from the earth, including open-pit and underground mines, quarries and mineral sands operations, together with on-site crushing and concentration.

Highest scoring Carajas Mine (S11D and Serra Norte), Coal India Limited, BHP Western Australia Iron Ore mines

940mean 13.6

Oil and gas extraction covers upstream hydrocarbon production, including onshore and offshore fields, wells, production platforms, floating production vessels and field-level gathering and separation systems.

Highest scoring Athabasca oil sands, Burgan Oil Field, Changqing oil field

831mean 15.5

Processing and refining transform raw extracted materials into refined commodities through facilities such as oil refineries, gas processing plants, smelters and mineral beneficiation plants.

Highest scoring Abqaiq Plants, Curtis Island LNG precinct, Jamnagar Refinery

755mean 17.3

Storage, transport and export covers the systems that store and move bulk commodities to market, including transmission pipelines, slurry pipelines and conveyors, tank farms, LNG liquefaction and export terminals, and crude loading facilities.

Highest scoring Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline and Ceyhan (Haydar Aliyev) marine terminal, Caspian Pipeline Consortium Pipeline, East-West Crude Oil Pipeline (Petroline)

624mean 12.1

Irrigation and agricultural water covers the infrastructure that supplies and manages water for agricultural production, including irrigation schemes, scheme headworks, primary and secondary canals, agricultural drainage and on-scheme storage.

Highest scoring Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) irrigation system, DSI national irrigation network, Indus Basin Irrigation System (Sukkur, Guddu, Kotri, Taunsa Barrages and Link Canals)

548mean 12.5

Livestock and veterinary infrastructure covers facilities supporting animal production and health, including abattoirs, livestock markets and saleyards, quarantine stations, dip and vaccination facilities, and veterinary laboratories and clinics.

Highest scoring Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness

519mean 10.2

Fisheries and aquaculture infrastructure covers fishing harbours and landing sites, fish markets and auction halls, aquaculture farms and hatcheries, and associated ice plants and cold stores.

Highest scoring Nizam Zachman Oceanic Fishing Port, Muara Baru, Port of Dutch Harbor, Unalaska, Boulogne-sur-Mer fishing port and Capecure seafood processing centre

741mean 12.9

Storage, cold chain and markets covers post-harvest and food-system infrastructure, including grain silos and strategic food reserves, warehouse receipt facilities, cold storage, food and grocery distribution centres and wholesale food markets.

Highest scoring Food Corporation of India, Bulog national rice warehouse and buffer stock network, COFCO Group grain logistics network

1,446mean 13.3

Thermal generation refers to the production of electricity from the combustion of fossil fuels, including coal-fired, gas-fired and liquid-fuelled power stations and co-generation plants.

Highest scoring Suralaya Power Station, Eskom generation fleet, Futtsu Power Station

300mean 14.5

Nuclear generation covers nuclear power reactors together with research reactors.

Highest scoring Gravelines Nuclear Power Station, Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant, Hanul Nuclear Power Plant

197mean 14.2

Nuclear fuel cycle and radioactive waste covers the facilities that supply and close the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication plants, reprocessing facilities, interim spent fuel stores and geological disposal facilities.

Highest scoring Orano La Hague reprocessing plant, Orano Tricastin conversion and Georges Besse II enrichment plant, Sellafield

1,617mean 12.9

Hydropower covers the generation of electricity from water, including conventional powerhouses, run-of-river and small hydro schemes, and pumped-storage plants.

Highest scoring Itaipu Dam, La Grande Complex, Three Gorges Dam

819mean 10.2

Renewable generation covers electricity production from renewable sources other than hydropower, including solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar plants, onshore and offshore wind farms, geothermal stations, and biomass and biogas plants.

Highest scoring Talatan Solar Park, German onshore wind fleet, German solar photovoltaic fleet

1,103mean 16.4

Transmission and distribution carry high-voltage electricity from generation plants over long distances and deliver it at usable voltages to consumers, through lines, substations, transformers and cross-border interconnectors.

Highest scoring China Southern Power Grid, Eastern Interconnection, German electricity transmission grid

211mean 18.6

System control and dispatch covers the control infrastructure that operates the power system in real time, including national and regional control centres, load despatch centres, energy management and SCADA systems, and the balancing and market dispatch functions they carry.

Highest scoring Eskom National Transmission Grid, National Grid of India, Sistema Interligado Nacional

3,065mean 6.5

Storage and fuel supply covers systems that store energy and supply fuels to the domestic energy system, including utility-scale batteries, hydrogen production and storage, LNG regasification terminals, strategic reserves, fuel depots, gas distribution networks and retail fuel and charging points.

Highest scoring French strategic petroleum stocks (CPSSP and SAGESS), Incheon LNG Receiving Terminal, Pertamina fuel retail station network

1,024mean 13.4

Dams, reservoirs and flood defence covers large water control and storage structures, including dams, barrages, raw-water reservoirs, levees, sea walls and urban stormwater systems.

Highest scoring Aswan High Dam, Ataturk Dam, Bhakra Dam

986mean 13.3

Water supply and treatment covers the abstraction, treatment and distribution of drinking and bulk water, including treatment works, service reservoirs, water towers, boreholes and rural water points.

Highest scoring Integrated Vaal River System, Jal Jeevan Mission, AySA Palermo and General Belgrano Water Treatment Plants

376mean 15.3

Bulk water transfer and desalination covers the large-scale conveyance and manufacture of water, including inter-basin transfer schemes, bulk transmission pipelines and tunnels, major pumping stations, and seawater and brackish water desalination plants including those coupled to power generation.

Highest scoring California State Water Project, Jubail power and desalination complex, Lesotho Highlands Water Project delivery tunnel and Ash River outfall

649mean 12.3

Wastewater and sanitation covers the collection and treatment of wastewater and faecal sludge, including treatment plants, sewer networks, pumping stations and public sanitation facilities.

Highest scoring German municipal sewer network, ISKI Istanbul wastewater collection and treatment system, Northern Wastewater Treatment Works, Johannesburg

494mean 11.5

Solid waste and recycling covers the collection, processing and disposal of solid waste, including landfills and dumpsites, transfer stations, material recovery and recycling facilities, composting plants, hazardous waste facilities and incinerators, including waste-to-energy plants.

Highest scoring National waste to energy plant fleet, Tokyo twenty-three wards waste incineration network, Bantargebang integrated waste treatment site

849mean 13.4

Materials and inputs covers the production of industrial materials and inputs, including cement works, industrial minerals and downstream metal products such as rolled and fabricated steel.

Highest scoring Baotou rare earth processing cluster, China Northern Rare Earth smelting and separation complex, Baotou, POSCO Gwangyang Works

440mean 13.8

Chemicals and hazardous process industry covers the production and handling of chemicals and hazardous substances, including chemical and petrochemical plants, fertiliser plants, industrial and medical gases, industrial explosives plants, and upper-tier major-hazard establishments whose criticality arises from the dependence of other sectors upon them.

Highest scoring BASF Ludwigshafen Verbund site, Jubail petrochemical complex, Antwerp petrochemical cluster (BASF Antwerpen, TotalEnergies refinery)

1,625mean 12.5

Production systems covers the factories and assembly plants that produce finished goods across sectors, including automotive, electronics and semiconductor fabrication, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage manufacturing.

Highest scoring ASML Veldhoven campus, Airbus Toulouse final assembly lines, SK hynix Icheon Campus

532mean 12.8

Supply chain and ecosystem covers the shared industrial fabric that connects producers, including industrial parks, special economic zones, supplier clusters and manufacturing-oriented warehousing.

Highest scoring Chukyo Industrial Area, Jubail Industrial City, Pearl River Delta manufacturing cluster

168mean 10.7

Workforce and innovation in advanced manufacturing highlights the importance of skilled labour and a culture of innovation for maintaining competitiveness in the manufacturing sector.

Highest scoring CEA research centre network, UK Research and Innovation, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)

1,343mean 14.1

Seaports and terminals covers the commercial trade gateways of the maritime system, including seaports and their container, roll-on roll-off, dry-bulk, liquid-bulk and general-cargo terminals, cruise terminals, shipyards and dry docks.

Highest scoring Busan New Port, Port of Antwerp-Bruges, Port of Rotterdam

1,994mean 11.6

Air infrastructure encompasses airports, airfields, heliports and related facilities that enable air transport, including runways, terminals, cargo facilities and civil aviation maintenance hangars.

Highest scoring Frankfurt Airport, Heathrow Airport, Incheon International Airport

237mean 17.0

Air navigation and traffic management covers the services and facilities that control aircraft in flight, including area and approach control centres, oceanic control, en-route radar and surveillance networks, navigation aids and aeronautical communication systems.

Highest scoring National Airspace System, Air Traffic Management Bureau of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, Airports Authority of India air navigation services

646mean 12.2

Inland waterways and ferries covers river and lake transport infrastructure, including inland ports, jetties, locks, navigation channels and ferry terminals.

Highest scoring Bosphorus (Istanbul Strait), Cocoli and Agua Clara Neopanamax Locks, Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait)

1,198mean 14.4

Rail infrastructure covers railway lines, stations, marshalling yards, depots and signalling, including mainline, heavy-haul, metro and light rail systems.

Highest scoring Canadian National Railway, Channel Tunnel, Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program

2,085mean 13.8

Roads and bridges covers the strategic road network and its major fixed assets, including highways and trunk roads, major bridges, tunnels, interchanges, toll plazas and bus rapid transit corridors.

Highest scoring German Autobahn network, Interstate Highway System, National Trunk Highway System

1,180mean 13.4

Logistics, multimodal and border infrastructure covers the facilities that connect transport modes and cross borders, including dry ports, inland container depots, freight terminals, logistics parks, bonded warehouses and one-stop border posts.

Highest scoring German Customs Administration IT and clearance system, Nippon Automated Cargo and Port Consolidated System, Nuevo Laredo World Trade International Bridge and border crossing complex

207mean 12.3

Postal and parcel covers the national postal and express delivery estate, including mail and parcel sorting centres, distribution depots, post office networks and the last-mile delivery systems that in many states also carry social payments and government correspondence.

Highest scoring Deutsche Post DHL Group parcel and mail network, United States Postal Service network, Australia Post National Parcel and Mail Network

687mean 16.0

Subsea cables and international gateways covers international connectivity infrastructure, including submarine cable systems and their landing stations, cross-border terrestrial fibre links, international gateway facilities, and commercial satellite gateways and teleports.

Highest scoring Las Toninas cable landing station complex, Mumbai cable landing station cluster, Praia do Futuro cable landing station cluster, Fortaleza

727mean 15.3

Core and backbone networks covers fixed and interconnection infrastructure, including national and metropolitan fibre routes, long-haul microwave links, exchanges, fixed access networks and internet exchange points.

Highest scoring ChinaNet and China Telecom CN2 backbone, AT&T national IP backbone, China Mobile CMNET backbone

525mean 14.6

Mobile and wireless networks covers cellular and wireless access infrastructure, including towers and masts, base stations, small cells, rooftop sites and public wireless access.

Highest scoring China Mobile 5G radio access network, China Tower, Bharti Airtel mobile network

673mean 12.5

Spectrum and broadcasting covers terrestrial broadcast transmission and spectrum management infrastructure, including television and radio transmitter sites, digital terrestrial television networks and spectrum monitoring stations.

Highest scoring Broadcasting House, Federal Communications Commission spectrum licensing and auctions, Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing

595mean 14.9

Data centres, compute and cloud comprises the physical and virtual facilities that store, process and distribute data, including colocation and hyperscale data centres, cloud regions and edge nodes, high-performance computing centres, AI training clusters, and national cybersecurity facilities such as CERTs, security operations centres and cyber ranges.

Highest scoring Alibaba Cloud, Amazon Web Services US-East-1 region, Digital Realty Marseille campus (MRS1 to MRS5)

729mean 14.8

Data resources refer to the large collections of data and the frameworks for managing and utilising data as strategic assets, including national datasets and registries, data governance frameworks, and national domain name infrastructure such as country-code top-level domain registries.

Highest scoring AIS Nalog-3 and the ASK VAT control system, Aadhaar Central Identities Data Repository, Cadastro de Pessoas Fisicas (CPF)

167mean 10.4

AI tools and applications are software and systems that leverage artificial intelligence techniques to perform tasks such as analysis, prediction, automation and decision-making across domains.

Highest scoring CUDA, Google DeepMind, Yandex search ranking and CatBoost stack

440mean 18.0

Currency and reserves covers the physical infrastructure of base money, including central bank facilities, mints and banknote printing works, cash centres and vaults, and reserve storage.

Highest scoring Agence France Trésor, Banco Central do Brasil international reserves, Bank of Canada

621mean 17.0

Payments and settlement systems covers the infrastructure through which money moves, including real-time gross settlement systems, national payment switches, automated clearing houses, card and instant payment schemes, and mobile-money platforms.

Highest scoring BOJ-NET Funds Transfer System, BOJ-NET JGB Services, BOK-Wire+

523mean 16.3

Markets, exchanges and depositories covers capital market infrastructure, including stock and commodity exchanges, central securities depositories, central counterparties and trade repositories.

Highest scoring Australian Securities Exchange, Exchange Centre, B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcao), B3 central counterparty clearing house

1,183mean 13.7

Banks, insurers and systemic institutions covers the financial institutions themselves rather than the rails and venues they use, including systemically important banks, insurers, pension and social insurance funds, sovereign wealth and development finance institutions, and deposit guarantee bodies.

Highest scoring Banco de Mexico international reserves, Afore and Siefore pension fund system, Banque de France headquarters, Hotel de Toulouse

2,349mean 11.2

Health infrastructure includes the facilities, equipment and organisational structures that deliver healthcare services, including hospitals, clinics, health posts, specialist centres, emergency departments and pharmacies.

Highest scoring Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Fiocruz Manguinhos campus and Bio-Manguinhos, IMSS national hospital and clinic network

323mean 14.1

Public health and laboratories covers population health protection infrastructure, including national public health institutes, reference and diagnostic laboratory networks, high-containment and biosafety laboratories, disease surveillance systems and quarantine facilities.

Highest scoring Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Laboratory Service, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR

311mean 14.6

Medical supply and stockpiles covers the logistics of health rather than its delivery, including blood and plasma collection and fractionation, national medical and vaccine stockpiles, cold chain for biologics, pharmaceutical distribution centres and central medical stores.

Highest scoring Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, NHS Blood and Transplant, South African National Blood Service

1,543mean 9.7

Education and skills infrastructure encompasses the institutions and facilities that provide education and skills development, including schools, universities and technical and vocational training centres.

Highest scoring Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, French National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Cambridge

774mean 11.3

Research and scientific facilities covers major civil research infrastructure operated for science rather than for industry or defence, including synchrotrons and light sources, particle and heavy-ion accelerators, fusion devices, research reactors, national supercomputing centres, astronomical observatories and polar and oceanographic research stations.

Highest scoring Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences institute network, Fraunhofer Society

137mean 13.2

Housing, community and social services infrastructure comprises public and affordable housing, community facilities and the support systems for social services that improve social welfare and quality of life.

Highest scoring Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, DOM.RF, Department for Work and Pensions benefit delivery network

1,155mean 13.8

Government and public administration infrastructure includes the facilities and systems through which the state governs, including parliaments and legislatures, ministries and government headquarters, provincial and local government offices, national archives and civil registration facilities, election infrastructure and the diplomatic estate.

Highest scoring 10 Downing Street, Al Yamamah Palace, Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)

1,257mean 8.4

Cultural, community and recreational infrastructure includes museums, libraries, theatres, parks, stadiums, community centres, convention centres and public markets that support cultural life, recreation and community cohesion.

Highest scoring Great Mosque of Mecca, Prophet's Mosque, Arafat, Muzdalifah and Mina ritual grounds

772mean 11.4

Justice and corrections covers the estate through which law is administered and enforced through the courts, including supreme and constitutional courts, court complexes, prosecution services, prisons and detention facilities, and forensic science laboratories.

Highest scoring Brazilian judiciary and the PJe electronic case platform, Ministry of Public Security, Brazilian state military police forces

539mean 13.6

Emergency services and civil protection covers first response and crisis management, including police stations and command centres, fire and rescue stations, ambulance and emergency medical stations, emergency call and dispatch centres, disaster management and emergency operations centres, search and rescue services and civil coastguard facilities.

Highest scoring Departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS), Federal Emergency Management Agency, Japan Coast Guard

368mean 13.8

Hydrometeorology and early warning covers the monitoring and alerting infrastructure that anticipates hazard, including weather radar networks, meteorological and hydrological observing stations, seismic and tsunami monitoring networks, volcanic observatories and public warning and alerting systems.

Highest scoring India Meteorological Department cyclone warning centres, Green Pine early warning radar sites, Japan Meteorological Agency Radar and Observation Network

323mean 14.3

R&D and testing facilities covers laboratories and test infrastructure for aerospace and defence research and development, including wind tunnels, engine test stands, thermal-vacuum chambers, materials laboratories and defence research and test establishments.

Highest scoring Agency for Defense Development, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, CEA DAM Ile-de-France, Bruyeres-le-Chatel

680mean 15.1

Manufacturing facilities covers the industrial sites that produce aerospace and defence systems, including aircraft, satellite and launcher factories, assembly, integration and test cleanrooms, specialised component plants, and weapons and munitions production facilities.

Highest scoring Air Force Plant 4, Boeing Everett Factory, General Dynamics Electric Boat

123mean 14.4

Launch, maintenance and support covers spaceports, launch pads and integration facilities at the launch site, flight-test and launch ranges, tracking and range-safety systems, and support services for launch operations.

Highest scoring Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Guiana Space Centre, Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39

330mean 12.7

Satellites and orbital systems covers spacecraft on orbit, including communications, Earth observation, navigation and scientific satellites, constellations, hosted payloads and space station modules.

Highest scoring Global Positioning System, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, INSAT and GSAT satellite fleet

343mean 14.4

Ground segment and tracking covers the ground infrastructure that operates spacecraft, including telemetry, tracking and command stations, mission control centres, satellite data receiving stations, space situational awareness sensors and geodetic reference networks.

Highest scoring GPS Master Control Station, Schriever Space Force Base, GPS control segment, Toulouse Space Centre

1,858mean 13.6

Military bases and installations covers the defence estate, including army, naval and air bases, barracks, training areas, munitions and fuel depots, and radar and early-warning sites.

Highest scoring Camp Humphreys, HMNB Clyde, Ministry of Defence Main Building